Physics education research, electronic materials, and the musings of Christopher Moore, Ph.D.
Physics education research, electronic materials, and the musings of Christopher Moore, Ph.D.
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Light
Ben Ito
4-2-07
Huygens states that light propagates by the formation of waves produced by the disturbance of an ether (Huygens, p.4). Huygens' ether is composed of matter (Huygens, p. 4). Matter is a solid, liquid or gas. Light propagates in a vacuum that is empty and does not contain an ether composed of matter. To form a wave structure requires a medium yet Huygens' ether does not physically exist. Huygens' wave front, produce by the disturbance of an ether, forms partial waves (fig 1); the far points of the partial waves are used to construct the next wave front. Only the far points of the partial waves' are used to construct the next wave front. The remaining structure of the partial waves is ignored. Fresnel's interference mechanism does not solve Huygens' partial wave problem since light is not always diffracting (interfering).
Huygens' transmission-reflection mechanism of light uses waves that originate from the transmission-reflection surface. When the reflection wave front is constructed, the arch of the surface waves are different since the surface waves are propagating varying distances due to the reflection angle (fig 2); consequently, Huygens' constructed reflection wave front does not form a consistent amplitude along (B-N). The same problem occurs with the construction of Huygens' transmission wave front (fig 3).
Fresnel's diffraction mechanism established the wave theory of light. Fresnel states that light waves interfere (Fresnel, Section 43). The amplitudes of Fresnel's interfering waves are summed (superposition) to form the intensity of the diffraction pattern which implies that the energy of light is dependent on the amplitude. Fresnel's diffraction mechanism contradicts the photoelectric effect since the photoelectric effect proves that the energy of light is dependent on only the frequency.
An electric field is formed by an electron. As time increase, an electron's electric field exist in the volume of free space which implies that an electron is a physical source that is radiating energy (electric field). An electron is not a physical source (point source) that is radiating energy.
The disturbance of an ether forms Maxwell's transverse electromagnetic wave structure of light (Maxwell, Part VI). Maxwell's theory is based on Huygens' ether. To form a wave structure requires a medium yet Huygens' ether does not physically exist. Maxwell describes the structure of light with a electromagnetic transverse wave (Maxwell, Part VI). A transverse wave is a surface wave that cannot physically exist within a volume; consequently, Maxwell’s electromagnetic transverse wave cannot be used to describe the structure or polarization effects of light. The energy of Maxwell's structure of light is dependent on the amplitude and frequency which contradicts the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect proves that the energy of light is dependent on only the frequency.
Planck derives an energy equation that is dependent on only the frequency using a standing wave structure formed of Maxwell's structure of light (Planck, Section 1). The formation of Planck's standing wave requires the interior surfaces of the blackbody; therefore, Planck's energy equation, derived using a standing wave, cannot describe light outside the blackbody. Planck's standing wave is not part of the photoelectric effect mechanism; therefore, Planck's energy equation cannot be used to justify the photoelectric effect. In addition, a short wavelength radio wave forms Planck's standing wave within the blackbody; consequently, the energy of a short wavelength radio wave is dependent on only the frequency which contradicts Maxwell's theory. Einstein eliminates radio waves from his energy quanta equation by using Wien's black-body radiation equation since Wien's black-body radiation equation is not valid in the radio wave spectrum (Einstein, Section 4).
Sting theory incorporates a wave and particle structures to imply that light forms both wave and particle properties yet the string structure of light forms an energy problem. In Fresnel's diffraction mechanism of light, the diffraction effect is formed by the interference of waves. The diffracted waves' amplitudes are summed to form the diffraction pattern's intensity. Using the string structure of light's amplitude to form a diffraction pattern's intensity implies that the energy of light is dependent on the amplitude which contradicts the photoelectric effect. Einstein's special relativity cannot be used to describe light since when v=c, Einstein's special relativity equations (Einstein*, Part 2) become undefined.
References:
Einstein, Albert. "On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light". Annalen der Physik. 17: 132-148. 1905.
Einstein*, Albert. "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies". Annalen der Physik. 17: 891-921. 1905.
Fresnel, Augustin. "Memorie su la Diffraction de la Lumiere". French Academy of Science. 1818.
Huygens, Christiann. "Treatise on Light". French Academy of Science. 1690.
Maxwell, James. "Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field". Royal Society Transactions, Volume CLV. 1864.
Planck, Max. "On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum". Annalen der Physik. IV, 4: 553-563. 1901.
Last edited by bentsutomuito (2007-04-03 04:35:56)
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I have attachments (figures) send an email to benito2444@yahoo.com.
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Ben, what is your purpose for posting this here?
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What is the purpose of your Website? When was the last time someone posted on your site?
Last edited by bentsutomuito (2007-04-01 00:33:43)
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I ask because a forum is for discussion. You simply posted an article about light. You posed no question nor did you attempt to encourage discussion. If you have an interesting article that you think would be interesting to physicists and students, then by all means see the following link:
http://www.ilovephysics.com/write-an-article/
To answer your question, earlier today was the last time someone other than you or I posted on this forum.
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Lets discuss Huygens principle. Maxwell's structure of light. Planck's black-body. Go ahead ask a question?
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Latosicarius: Very interesting. However, your postulate is that an ether does not exist in a vacuum. Just wondering how you came to that conclusion.
Thx
Ben: Huygens states that light propagates by the formation of waves produced by the disturbance of an ether (Huygens, p.4). Huygens' ether is composed of matter (Huygens, p. 4). Matter is a solid, liquid or gas. Light propagates in a vacuum that is empty and does not contain an ether composed of matter.
Last edited by bentsutomuito (2007-04-03 01:14:12)
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Ben: "Huygens (1690) describes the propagation of light using a wave structure formed by an ether yet Huygens' ether does not physically exist."
Zephir: Surprisingly enough, after some forty years of string theory development, some remarkable scientists (like the Nobelist Laughlin or cosmologist Freedman) are considering this concept as a "really beautiful stuff", suddenly....
The light undulates - so here must be an elastic inertial environment. Everything else is just an naive speculation.
Why the most trivial things are so difficult to understand by some people?
Ben: Zephir, you have absolutely no proof that light moves in a wavelike motion or has a wave structure. You are assuming that light has a wave structure from reading other peoples theories (hypothesis and assumptions). Huygens, Maxwell and String theory are assumptions. So lets take Huygens theory which implies, by assumption, that light has a wave structure. Huygens describes the propagation of light. Huygens' wave front forms partial waves; the far points of the partial waves are used to construct the next wave front. Only the far points of the partial waves' are used to construct the next wave front. The remaining structure of the partial waves is ignored. Ignoring the majority of the partial waves' structure implies that Huygens' wave structure of light is an assumption (theory). Fresnel's diffraction mechanism that established the wave theory of light is also based on the assumption that the amplitude of the wave froms the intenstiy of the diffraction pattern yet the photoelectric effect proves that the energy of light is dependent on only the frequency. The photoelectric effect proves that the energy of light is only dependent on the fequency which contradict Fresnel's wave theory of light. Your main proofs that light has a wave structure (undulates) has two extremely big holes in it.
Last edited by bentsutomuito (2007-04-03 01:22:37)
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Ben: Are you implying that the photoelectric effect is naive speculation? The photoelectric effect proves that the energy of light is only dependent on the frequency which contradicts the wave theory of light that is based on the energy of light that is based on the amplitute and frequency.
Ben: "... which contradicts the wave theory of light that is based on the energy of light that is based on the amplitude and frequency... "
Zephir: But the photoelectric effect dependends to the energy density, not the energy. If the same energy is spreaded into large volume, the electron cannot be released from the metal surface, no matter, how huge the total energy can be. The increasing of the amplitude of the light doesn't increase the energy density by apparent way, it just spreads the photon into larger volume.
Ben: Restated: The photoelectric effect proves that the energy of the discontinuous structure, that forms the incident beam, is dependent on only the fequency.
Last edited by bentsutomuito (2007-04-03 01:35:56)
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Ben: You have no physical proof that an ether composed of matter physically exist.
Zephir: Of course, if I have absolutely no physical evidence, that the light has a wave character, then we cannot be sure by anything. This is a logical conclusion.
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Ben: Zephir, you have absolutely no proof that light moves in a wavelike motion or has a wave structure...
Zephir: OK, it not so difficult to say - but how can you explain all these nice wave interference phenomena, after then?
Zephir posted pictures of the interference effects of light.
Ben: I do not know but it certainly isn't by a wave structure.
Last edited by bentsutomuito (2007-04-03 01:50:56)
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Zephir: By AWT the aether is universal environment forming this container by the same way, like the rest of vacuum. It cannot pass the container walls, because it's forming them too! The Aether is not only the environment for the light spreading, but for any other bosons spreading, too. The animation bellow illustrates, how the real particle passes through real barrier in Aether foam.
Ben: You have no physical proof that an ether composed of matter physicall exist. Your theory is based on assumptions not proof.
Zephir: Of course, if I have absolutely no physical evidence, that the light has a wave character, then we cannot be sure by anything. This is a logical conclusion.
Zephir: Nevertheless, if you're saying with certainty, the llight has no the wave structure definitely, my immediate logical question can sound:
How the hell you can know about it? Where's the evidence of such claim?
Ben: 1. Huygens states that light propagates by the formation of waves produced by the disturbance of an ether (Huygens, p.4). Huygens' ether is composed of matter (Huygens, p. 4). Matter is a solid, liquid or gas. Light propagates in a vacuum that is empty and does not contain an ether composed of matter.
2. Fresnel's diffraction mechanism established the wave theory of light. Fresnel states that light waves interfere (Fresnel, Section 43). The amplitudes of Fresnel's interfering waves are summed (superposition) to form the intensity of the diffraction pattern which implies that the energy of light is dependent on the amplitude yet the photoelectric effect proves that the energy of light is dependent on only the frequency.
3. The disturbance of an ether forms Maxwell's transverse electromagnetic wave structure of light (Maxwell, Part VI). Maxwell's theory is based on Huygens' ether (elastic medium). To form a wave structure requires a medium yet Huygens' ether does not physically exist.
4. Maxwell describes the structure of light with a transverse wave (Maxwell, Part VI). A transverse wave is a surface wave that cannot physically exist within a volume; consequently, a transverse wave cannot be used to describe the structure or polarization effects of light.
5. The energy of Maxwell's structure of light is dependent on the amplitude and frequency which contradicts the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect proves that the energy of light is dependent on only the frequency. etc. etc. etc.
Last edited by bentsutomuito (2007-04-03 02:18:59)
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Bishadi: “if the energy density inside each single photon” >>wave length<< “isn't sufficient for releasing of photon from the metal surface atoms, then the amount of light plays no role in the resulting photoelectric current density” I disagree again because the material is just as important as the wavelength but the “density” of photons is relevant if the material can capture the wavelength upon the structures because then an increase of ‘density’ of a lesser wavelength upon mass can cause a release even if the one photon/released wavelength, is not capable. Think in the lines of the molecular structures.
Ben: Zephir stated that: "But the photoelectric effect dependends to the energy density, not the energy. If the same energy is spreaded into large volume, the electron cannot be released from the metal surface, no matter, how huge the total energy can be. The increasing of the amplitude of the light doesn't increase the energy density by apparent way, it just spreads the photon into larger volume." To imply the the energy density that Zephir is discussing is the energy density inside "each single photon" is unscrupulous.
Last edited by bentsutomuito (2007-04-03 02:06:43)
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Ben, are you talking to yourself?
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I think he’s asking himself questions, answering them, and then arguing with himself about the answers.
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there are good sources in the following link..
http://www.whatusearch.net/Science/Physics/Optics/
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Aether is the substance of everything yet it is no-thing.
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Pound Rebka: Falling light changes colour
Mitch Raemsch
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